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In addition to classical cytokines such as interleukins, tumor necrosis factor, and interferons, the body also contains a series of "other cytokines" that possess unique functions and play critical roles in specific physiological or pathological processes. These factors are also secreted by various immune cells or tissue cells and, by binding to their corresponding receptors, regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and migration. They play an irreplaceable role in processes such as embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, hematopoiesis, neuroprotection, and immune tolerance.