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Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are a family of secreted polypeptides that are crucial to the normal development and maintenance of the vascular and lymphatic systems. VEGF stimulates endothelial cells to degrade extracellular matrix, proliferate, migrate, and form tubes, and acts as an endothelial cell survival factor. VEGF also increases vascular permeability. The VEGF family includes VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D (FIGF), VEGF-Es, and placenta growth factor (PlGF). VEGFs have been found in all vertebrate species examined to date and are highly conserved across species. The biological functions of the VEGFs are mediated by VEGFRs (VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3), a family of protein tyrosine kinase receptors, and two non-protein kinase co-receptors known as neuropilins (Neuropilin-1 and Neuropilin-2).